18. Detransitive voice

• functions of detrz:
  • antipassive
  • passive
  • reflexive
  • reciprocal
  • anticausative
• other strategies for removing participant:
  • -se-mï 'gnomic'
  • -në
• what is not used for voice?
  • -sapë
  • participle

18.1 Issues with transitivity

• ya occurs with intransitives
• some transitive verbs occur with oblique-marked P arguments:

1. ati rë warai mërë iniri, irëjpë mëyarika ti

   ati ati what

   rë rë emp

   warai warai like

   mërë mërë 2pro

   iniri ini -ri see-ipfv

   irëjpë irëjpë then

   më =yarika më =yarika -∅ 2=laugh-ipfv

   ti ti hsy

   ‘You see something and then you laugh.’ (Conversación sobre la risa entre GrMe y ElPe : 1)

• some intransitive verbs can look like transitives:

1. ¿ati ejnë yaruwari?

   ati ati what

   ejnë ejnë 1+2pro

   yaruwari yaruwa -ri laugh-ipfv

   ‘What are we going to laugh about?’ (Conversación sobre la risa entre GrMe y ElPe : 12)

• not all transitive verbs take identifiable objects:

1. wïrë inija ta rë

   wïrë wïrë 1pro

   inija ini -ja see-neg

   ta ta like

   rë rë emp

   ‘I haven’t seen.’ (Conversación sobre la risa entre GrMe y ElPe : 44)